Category Archives: Cleveland and Ohio history

Unknown but remembered

I had the good fortune this past month to be in London. On a visit to Westminster Abbey, this bell caught my eye, hanging near the grave of the unknown warrior. “HMS Verdun” brought to mind an inherited piece of jewelry, a gold cross that came to me on the death of my father’s cousin’s wife, May Patterson.

“It’s a cross made from the wedding rings of her first marriage,” Dad said. “He died in WWI.”

The cross is heavy — solid gold, it would seem — and bears the inscription Verdun, France, 1918. At first, I wondered if he’d died at sea somehow? Had the HMS Verdun sunk? Back home, I dug deeper. No, the HMS Verdun didn’t sink, it was chosen to carry the remains of the unknown British warrior from France across the English Channel to his final resting place at Westminster Abbey. According to Wikipedia, here’s why:

Verdun was selected to carry the Unknown Warrior across the English Channel because her name would be a tribute to the French people and the endurance of their armies at Verdun in 1916.

1916? Then how had May’s first husband died at Verdun in 1918? On Wikipedia, I clicked on Battle of Verdun, a terrible siege from February 21 to December 18, 1916 the longest battle of the war. Two years later, in the fall of 1918, the tide turned. The American First Army troops had entered the war and joined the French Fourth Army in attacking the Germans “on a front from Moronvilliers to the Meuse on 26 September 1918.” The offensive put the German army in retreat, the beginning of the end.

From previous research, I’d learned May’s full name: Ada May Bowden Herner Patterson. Now I searched for a male Herner married to a female Bowden in Ohio on Family Search, where I discovered a marriage certificate: Leslie Herner married May Bowden on the 23rd of April, 1918. Five days later, he entered into service as an Infantryman in the U.S. Army. So sad. They had just five days together as husband and wife. A search for — “Leslie Ray Herner” 1918 obituary — on Google turned up the rest:


from Roster of Cuyahoga County Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Wounded in Action, Killed in Action, Died of Wounds [or] Gassed.

Leslie was 29 years old at the time of his death. May turned 29 a month later. Thirteen years later, she married again but remain childless. She outlived her first husband by 58 years. Leslie Ray Herner is not an “unknown warrior.” His cross stands in the graveyard of the Meuse-Argonne American Cemetery and Memorial. Still, it feels important to remember, albeit 105 years later, their sacrifice and loss, like that of so many other unsung heroes.

Yonder in the pawpaw patch

NEWS FLASH: It’s pawpaw season.

Huh?! If you’re anything like me, you may never have heard of the pawpaw. Growing up in Ohio, I may have been around pawpaw trees plenty of times but not recognized them for what they were. The existence of pawpaw trees, and the late summer season when they bear edible fruit, only blipped onto my radar in 2018 during my history research of the Northeastern states.

At the time, I was planning a bicycle trip on the C&O Canal Trail and Great Allegheny Passage Trail. (My blog posts about that trip start here.)

A section of the C&O Trail in Maryland passes through the Paw Paw Tunnel. What a strange name, I thought. Reading up on it on Wikipedia, I learned the following:

The Paw Paw Tunnel is a 3,118-foot-long (950 m) canal tunnel on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C&O) in Allegany County, Maryland. Located near Paw Paw, West Virginia, it was built to bypass the Paw Paw Bends, a six-mile (9.7 km) stretch of the Potomac River containing five horseshoe-shaped bends. The town, the bends, and the tunnel take their name from the pawpaw trees that grow prolifically along nearby ridges.

Pawpaw trees? I was curious enough that, while bicycling through the region, I asked a local bicyclist what she knew about pawpaw trees, although with little success. (She had next to nothing to say on that subject, but was quite garrulous regarding Christ her savior.)

I’ve since learned the pawpaw tree bears an edible fruit in the end of summer and early autumn. By happenstance, right about now. It’s good timing, therefore, that Belt Publishing has just released The Pocket Pawpaw Cookbook by Sarah Bir. From the website:

What’s a pawpaw you ask? It’s a fruit, and also a challenge, locus of folklore and desire. A variant of the “custard apple” family, pawpaws exude a tropical air but grow wild north of Florida, east of the Mississippi, and south of Canada … They are fleshy and awkward to to eat, sweetly fragrant, and do not travel well at all. They are beloved by foragers, keepers of regional food traditions, and anyone seeking relief from the industrial food chain.

Shortly after my copy of the book arrived, I flew off on a short visit to southern Ohio for a couple of days of research and time with family. I read the book cover to cover on the plane. It’s a delight. And in a mysterious synchronicity, while in Ohio I managed to finally see a pawpaw tree with the fruit ripening on its branches. FYI, if you happen to be yonder in the pawpaw patch, the 23rd Annual Pawpaw Festival is happening September 17-19 in Albany, Ohio, where you can apparently enjoy all things pawpaw.

Why is Ohio called the Buckeye State?

Since moving to the Northwest, I’ve found a number of friends who, like me, hail from Ohio. One is Heidi, who not only shares my Ohio origins, but also my interest in genealogy (and yoga). A while ago, Heidi gave a talk at Seattle Genealogical Society about the history of Ohio, the Buckeye State, at which time she passed around “buckeyes,” a delicious peanut butter and chocolate dessert (click on the link for the recipe).

Growing up in Ohio, it was fun to collect and play with buckeyes, but they were inedible as a nut, and seemed to my inexpert botanical eye as pretty useless. Boy, was I wrong.

While researching about early settlers to Ohio and the landscape they found, I came across the Historical Collection From Columbiana and Fairfield Township, in which Ray Hum explains reasons why Ohio is called the Buckeye State:

The buckeye, whose Indian name was “hetuck,” meaning “the eye of the buck,” was indeed a friend to the pioneers. Growing in the richest soil, it proved easiest to clear. When the first log cabins were hurriedly erected, the lightness and softness of he wood made it invaluable to the settlers because of the shortage of labor and tools.
… Sugar was unknown in[the Ohio] region, and residents relied on the sugar maple for sweetening. Here, also, the buckeye proved its usefulness. Not only did it grow side by side with the sugar maple, but it also furnished the best wood from which the evaporating troughs could be made.
Hats were made from its fibers; trays for pone and Johnny cake, the venison trencher, the noggin, the spoon and white bowl for mush and milk were carved from its trunk.
The buckeye, because of its slow burning, was considered unfit for fuel. But it was used as a backlog for the cabin fires. When it was finally burnt, it produced more alkaline than any other wood. The bark, prepared properly, was said to be effective in the cure of ague and fever; but, if improperly prepared, it proved to be a violent emetic.
In the absence of soap, the buckeye was an able substitute. The inner covering of the nut, when grated, was found to be soapy. When the powder was washed, large quantities of starch could be obtained, which, in case of famine, could be used as food. But the water used for this washing holds in solution a medicinal agent which, if swallowed, proves poisonous.
Of all the trees in the woods, none is so hard to kill as the buckeye. The deepest girdling does not kill it, and even after it is cut down and its logs are used to build cabins it will send out young branches — telling all the world that buckeyes are not easily conquered.
The abundance of the buckeye tree, the luxuriance of its foliage, its richly colored nuts, and its adaptability to the needs of the early settlers readily explain why Ohioans are called “Buckeyes.”

We think we’re so smart

When researching for history details in pre-photography days, I’m always on the look out for paintings. Take the Husking Bee, Island of Nantucket, by Eastman Johnson, which I came across when browsing around the Art Institute of Chicago.

Husking Bee, Island of Nantucket, 1876 by Eastman Johnson

The picture offers great details of community farming life in the 19th century, and also a bit of folk history. I had permission to snap this photo, without flash, and I also photographed the interpretive sign next to it, which has this cool detail. “[The artist] carefully included a woman discovering a red ear of corn, which, according to folk tradition, would allow her to kiss the person of her choice.”

I thought of this painting and its colorful glimpse of life in former days recently when reading Letters from America by James Flint. The book gives a first person account of the author’s walk from the East Coast to the U.S. interior in 1818, the things he observed along the way, the people, the climate, the farming methods, the terrain. On September 28, 1818 while passing through Ohio, James Flint writes: “The Indian Corn is nearly ripe, and is a great crop this year. The stalks are generally about eight feet high. The people have been picking the leaves off this sort of crop, and setting them up between the rows in conical bunches, to be preserved as winter food for the cattle.” (Flint, Letters from America, pp. 41-42.)

Instantly, I pictured our modern use of bundled cornstalks as Halloween decorations, and wondered if farmers also feed cornstalks to cattle. Apparently, it’s not standard practice. In our “modern” times, the winter diet of choice for cattle is generally hay. Only recently has the method of cornstalk grazing made a come back. About ten years ago, the website drovers.com published an article about it, Cornstalks for Cow Feed Is a No-Brainer. “University of Illinois researchers found that feeding co-products and cornstalk residue in the winter can save cow-calf producers up to $1 per day per cow compared to feeding hay. Grazing cornstalks is arguably the best cost-saving strategy Midwestern cattlemen can deploy.” And the practice not only saves money. When there’s a hay shortage like the one in 2012, it can also save the lives of horses who must have hay to survive.

These disconnects crop up (sorry) surprisingly often. It bemuses me, how researchers have gone to a lot of trouble to “discover” what cattle drovers knew centuries ago. And we think we’re so smart.

Free Ohioana Book Festival this weekend, and more

As fall approaches, so do a lot of on-line events that are a boon to readers, writers, and book lovers.

The Ohioana Book Festival is this weekend, Friday, August 28- Sunday, August 30.

Since its inception in 2007, the Ohioana Book Festival has given readers the opportunity to connect with their favorite Ohio writers. The 2020 Book Festival is being held online from Friday, August 28 to Sunday, August 30 2020. It is a FREE event open to the public. For the full schedule, click here: Ohioana Book Festival 2020.

I’m honored to be one of the many “Ohio” authors this year, for my memoir How We Survive Here: Families Across Time (Coffeetown Press, 2018). Check out the whole list of authors here. Books are being sold through The Book Loft in German Village, Columbus, Ohio. (Support independent bookstores, they’re set up for online orders. And, if you’re ever in Columbus, visit The Book Loft, it’s awesome!)

Friday morning the Festival kicks off with “The Story of a Life: Memoir”, a panel discussion, 10 a.m. EST, 7 a.m. PST. For this panel I am a participant alongside Ohio memoir authors Dan Cryer, Jill Grunenwald, and Erin Hosier. Nancy Christie is the moderator; she asks probing questions about the challenges of writing our own stories and digging into our pasts.

Following that kick-off panel discussion are three packed days of presentations, on writing books of all genres, a crowdcast on Black Stories, Black Voices, on picture book illustrating, and much much more.

I hope to “see” you there!

German immigrant names mentioned in 19th century letters

Oh my! the book How We Survive Here has been out for a year now, and it’s been a wonderful ride. It’s always nice to hear from readers. Several people have commented to me, “It’s a great read. I was right there with you the whole way.”

The book is the story of my quest to trace and write about my ancestors, which culminated in the historical novel The Last of the Blacksmiths (2014). In addition to being a memoir, the book How We Survive Here also includes letter translations by my German cousin, Angela Weber, making the letters available for the first time to genealogists and scholars.

The letters were written in Old German Script, the cursive used in many German nation states up until the early 20th century.

Dating between 1841 and 1908, the letters are written from Cleveland to Freinsheim, Germany, by Philipp Henrich Handrich (1), Jakob Handrich (1), Michael Harm (23), Michael Höhn (1), and Johann Rapparlie (7). So many other surnames are mentioned. German immigration to Cleveland in the 19th century is a prime example of chain migration. After the first people came and got established, others from the same village followed.

In the back of How We Survive Here, I’ve included an index with page numbers noting where various names are mentioned. Below is the complete list of names.

Aul, Jacob / Aul, John / Aul, Philipp

Bender, Konrad
Beringer, Ana / Beringer, Georg and Jakob
Bletschers (see also, Pletschers)
Böhl, village of
Borner, Franz, Joseph and Ana
Butler, Ernst

Crolly, Adam / Crolly, Elizabeth (Harm) / Crolly, Gerhard / Crolly, Katherine

Dackenheim, village of
Dietz, Friedrich
Dürkheim/Bad Dürkheim, village of

Filius
Fischer, Ana
Försters
Francke
Freinsheim, village of
Frey
Fuhrmann, Johannes

Gonnheim, village of
Gros, Franz Wilhelm

Haenderich. See Handrich
Handrich, Philipp / Handrich, Jacob / Handrich, Jakob / Handrich, Johannes / Handrich, William
Handrich, Anna (Steinbrick)
Handrich, Katherina (Ohler)
Handrich, Katherina (Rapparlie)
Handrich, K. Elisabetha (Harm)
Handrich, K. Margaretha (Scheuermann)
Harm, Edna (Witte)
Harm, Elizabeth
Harm, Emma (Becker)
Harm, Henry / Harm, Johann Michael / Harm, Johann Philipp / Harm, Katherina (Kitsch)
Harm, Michael of Cleveland
Harm, Michael of New Jersey
Harm, Philipp
Häuser, Philipp
Hawer
Heinrich
Herr, Hans Philipp
Hischen. See Hisgen
Hisgen, Susannah Margaretha (Harm)
Hisgen, Gertraud (Hoehn)
Hoffman, Jacob
Höge, Jacob
Hoehn (see Höhn)
Höhn, Adam / Höhn, Frank / Höhn, Gretel / Höhn, Jacob / Höhn, Johannes / Höhn, Matthias / Höhn, Michael
Hoppensack, Henry F. and Maria Illsabein Hissenkemper
Hoppensack, Olga (Gressle)
Hoppensack, W. F.
Hucks, Jacob
Joh. Ehrhard

Kallstadt, village of
Kirchner, Philipp
Krehter
Kröther

Laises
Lebhard
Lederer, Heinrich and Kate
Leises. See Laises
Leycker

Martinger, Hans
Mäurer, Heinrich
Meckenheim, village of
Michel, Anna Maria (Selzer) 43
Michel, Jacob / Michel, Johann / Michel, Reichert

Oberholz
Obersülzen, village of
Ohler, Daniel / Ohler, Jacob
Ohler, Elisabetha Katherina (Handrich)

Parma, Ohio
Pletscher (see also Bleschers)

Rabalier. See Rapparlie, Johann
Räder, Nicholas
Rapparlie, Elizabeth
Rapparlie, Jacob / Rapparlie, Johann / Rapparlie, John / Rapparlie, Wilhelm
Reibold, Anna Elisabetha
Rheingönnheim, town of
Riethaler
Risser

Schäfer, Philipp
Schantz
Scherer, Martin
Scheuermann, George
Scheuermann, John
Schmidt Hannes
Schmidt, Paul
Schuster, Fred and Mary (Crolly)
Schuster, Karl
Schweizer, F. B.
Selzer, Jacob / Selzer, Jean / Selzer, Michael
Siringer, Jacob
Stein
Stenzel, Wilhelm
Steppler, Rev.
Stützel

Umbstädter
Umstader. See Umbstader

Wachenheim, village of
Weisenheim am Sand, village of
Wekerling, George
Wernz
Westfalia
Winter, Ludwig

On preservation, writing groups, and Scotland’s Faerie Hill

Great news!  My memoir How We Survive Here is a Next Generation Indie Book Award Finalist, and a child-sized buckboard wagon made by the Harm & Schuster Company has been completely restored for display at the Western Reserve Historical Society. Also in this May newsletter: 6 tips for forming genealogy writing groups. For the full newsletter, click here:

More …

Cleveland’s immigration stories

I’ve long been a fan of the Cleveland Cultural Garden in Rockefeller Park. Started in the early 20th century, the lush, landscaped setting along Doan Brook features a collection of over thirty gardens representing distinct immigrant cultures: Irish, Hebrew, Lithuanian, Greek, Chinese, Armenian, German, and more. To further explore the truly diverse populations that make up the city, a good place to start is on-line, with the website “Cleveland and Its Neighborhoods.”

Or, if you’re living in the Cleveland area, I want to let you in on a series about Cleveland’s immigrant history starting this coming January. The Teaching Cleveland Institute (TCI), which offers sessions on “Cleveland history, economics, public policy, and youth engagement” is holding a series in the first quarter of 2018 called “Home Sweet Home: Cleveland’s Immigration Stories.” The course description is as follows: “This year’s TCI will focus on the immigrant experiences and how massive immigration shaped modern Cleveland. We will explore the history of ethnic communities that were created in Cleveland, their influences on the city, and connect the newcomers’ experiences to modern day immigration and migration issues in Northeast Ohio.” Sessions are held once a month in January, February, and March from 4:30pm-7:30pm. The cost to register is $100. For questions, email teachcleveland@gmail.com.

Scotland tales

As far back as I can remember, when growing up in a small mid-century home on the Southeast side of Cleveland, Ohio, there was this map at the end of our bedroom hallway.

It was actually pretty huge, about 2-1/2 feet wide by 3 feet tall, taking up most of the end of a hall lined with doors leading into the family bedrooms. So I saw it often, every single day of my formative years. I tell you what, without a clue what it was, that image captured my imagination. Does it, or does it not, resemble a witch with her skirts swirling around her?

When I grew older, my father impressed on me that it was there because it held family significance, it being the clan map of Scotland. “We’re Mackintoshes,” he used to say. “Touch not the cat bot a glove.” Apparently, Dad was quoting the motto on the Mackintosh crest, but again, for my young American English brain, life was full of mysteries. (It means, before you pick up a wild or feral cat, be sure to protect yourself with safety gloves.) The war cry of the clan was “Loch Moigh,” referring to their homeland in the Inverness region.

Today, after not a little effort and many hours of travel, I find myself ensconced very nearby Loch Moigh, just north of Loch Ness (Loch means Lake) at Moniack Mhor Writing Centre. While I’m feeling a bit jet-lagged, I’m oh so excited to have returned. As in, returned to Inverness-shire since a short visit here with Dave in 2015, and as in, returned to Inverness-Shire after my ancestors left this homeland for good circa 1803.

On the map, the Mackintosh clan laid claim to the upper shoulders of the witch, just beneath her head. Where all the muscular tension resides, come to think of it. The territory of the former site of the fateful 1746 Battle of Culloden.

I’m close, but I’ve actually missed the mark slightly. Judging by my rough calculation on the map above, Moniack Mhor is located in Fraser clan territory. Oh aye, now I’ve put my foot in it. But from what I understand, by the late 18th century, the clans weren’t warring so much with each other as they were struggling to survive under the “galling yoke” of England.

Or so first person accounts say, of those who emigrated in a last-ditch effort to escape the “galling yoke.” I’m looking forward to finding what I can about the Daniel Mackintoshes (McIntoshes) before they emigrated. They didn’t depart alone. Their exodus included the Roses, the McBains, the MacGillvrays, and others. A whole fistful of disaffected Highland Presbyterian Gaels, right at the scruff of things, it would appear.

So, after five days at this Tutored Fiction Retreat with Paul Murray, Amanda Smyth, and Jane Harris, my aim is to dig deeper and find out more.

Cleveland and Cuyahoga County Genealogy resources

Recently, I bumped into the website Cleveland and its Neighborhoods, which has a wealth of “History, Genealogy, and Other Peripheral Subjects pertaining to Cleveland, Ohio” compiled by Laura Hine. It’s an incredibly comprehensive resource, one that didn’t readily pop up during my novel research, so I thought I’d give it a shout out here.

cleve neighbors

At the bottom of the “Cleveland and Its Neighborhoods” home page is another link to Hine’s sister site: “just about everything that you need to know about doing genealogy research in Cleveland and Cuyahoga County.” Tips and go-to topics include: Births, Deaths, Suburbs that maintain their own Birth and Death Certificates, Obituaries, Funeral Homes, Marriages, Cemeteries, Catholic Church records, Useful Cuyahoga County Websites, Other Cuyahoga County Genealogy Collections, Property Deeds – Recorder’s Office, Cuyahoga County Audito, Courts in Cuyahoga County, Cuyahoga County Probate Court Estate Case Files – Index and Images, Cuyahoga County Naturalization Records, Census, City Directories, Maps and Atlases, Military, Newspapers, Schools, Taxes and Voter Information.

Salivating yet? Access this info by clicking here: Frequently Asked Questions For Genealogy Research in Cuyahoga County

Thanks, Laura–you’re officially my Cuyahoga County genealogy maven!