Lyrical obscurity

A song that is formative for one generation becomes lost in obscurity for the next. That is the way of things, Grasshopper. (If you’re wondering, “Grasshopper” references a 1970’s TV program called “Kung Fu.”)

I visited Freinsheim, Germany last year at this time, to see my relatives, to do research, and to experience the Weinwanderung, a 7-mile culinary and wine-tasting hike through the vineyards. It’s awesome! This fall’s Weinwanderung dates are September 23-25. If you can swing it, you should definitely go.

Another memorable event during my trip last year was a meeting with Roland Paul (google translate link: click on “Autor”), Research Fellow and Deputy Director of the Institute for Palatine History and Folklore in Kaiserslautern. He has compiled the largest migration file index in Germany.

As we talked, I told him the working title of my thesis, which was “Something to Tell About” based on the quote by Matthias Claudius: “Wenn jemand eine Reise tut, so kann er was erzählen.” (When someone goes on a journey, then he has something to tell about.) Dr. Paul nodded perfunctorily. “Yes, yes,” he said. “This is a very popular quote in Germany.” Yet from my side of the Atlantic, I had come up with something pretty obscure.

The same thing happened when I mentioned the many immigration songs and poems. Dr. Paul nodded, waved his hand with a flourish. “Yes, Konrad Krez and so forth.” It hit home again, how what is so well known in one place or time can be so quickly forgotten in another. For general posterity, therefore, I post a poem by Konrad Krez, a moving ode to the immigrant’s journey (this version comes from the reprint of Jacob Mueller’s Memories of a Forty-Eighter (1896), translated by Steven Rowan).

Renunciation and Consolation
by Konrad Krez

I dreamed in my youth
Of the roll of drums, the blare of trumpets,
Of the clatter of swords and the fire of muskets,
Of heroism and immortality,
And sick with fever I raised my hand
To pluck garlands from the tree of fame,
I burned for deeds to mark
My trail forever in the sand of time.

It drove me to foreign zones,
My hills were too flat at home,
The valleys too narrow, the Rhine a brook,
I wanted alps, seas and waves.
I wanted to defy storm and hurricane,
See the splendor of the tropics with my own eyes,
Head west, to the new Canaan,
And plant corn and wheat on the Ohio.

And everywhere, wherever I came and went,
I found an ache, no land was so lonely
That I did not find there the way of care,
Even where no tree would grow, there was still distress,
Whether you go South or North,
East or West, to all the winds,
You will always find the same password,
The care of labor and work.

The same struggle for daily bread,
Which does not deserve to be so hard earned,
Awaits you on the Hudson as on the Rhine,
Your rights include suffering everywhere.
And if you, through long years of effort,
Pile up riches, where will a whole heap
Of gold buy you a physician who knows a way
To buy back even a day of youth?

To be sure you might be tempted to travel
The raw path of fame, to raise
A monument against forgetfulness, spiting envy with
Eternal praise by means of a famous deed;
Yet soon your ambition, your drive for fame
Will sink its wings with satiety,
When you spy the gates which beckon
When you go to drink of immortality.

And if one kingdom was once too small for you,
Soon an acre of land will do,
A protecting roof, a log in the fireplace,
To be happier with wife and child
Than a tyrant whose whims pass through wires
To the limits of the earth,
But whom not even a subservient senate
Can resolve to heal him of death.

Even if your burden presses and bends you,
And even if your heart distresses you,
Be consoled that life is not long,
And the path you have to go is short.
Then comes death and knocks on your door
As he did for your father,
Arriving like an old friend of the family,
And later he will visit your children.

He speaks to you: My friend, you have dreamed,
Fought and worried, now it is time
To rest, your bed is ready,
I have arranged a private house for you.
You will obey and expel your breath into the wind.
Whether grass or marble covers your grave,
On it is written: Vain are
Things, and life is but a shadow.

Singing through time

I just finished reading Louise Erdrich’s The Master Butchers Singing Club, a memorable visit to early 20th century North Dakota and the disparate ways immigrants to that region eked out a living in the 1930s. In the novel, the main character Fidelis, a German butcher in the small town of Argus, starts a singing club, something he brought over from Ludwigsruhe, the town of his birth.

German singing clubs are a topic I continue to run across in my research. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries in Germany, singing with other men was a favorite pastime of scientists. Scientists? Yes, scientists. Perhaps nowadays, science and the arts do not come together so often, but once upon a time, music was considered integral, and essential, to the development of science.

In the 21st century, Jonah Lehrer is drawing the two disciplines closer together again. Lehrer’s book Proust Was a Neuroscientist came about as a result of neuroscientist Lehrer studying how the brain remembers, only to discover that almost 100 years ago the author Marcel Proust had come to the same conclusions about memory in his novel Swann’s Way. Lehrer (and Proust) make the case that remembering is subjective based on feelings of any given moment. Lehrer also explores the senses and how they take in data. For example, the first time Stravinsky’s “Rite of Spring” was heard in 1913, its dissonance drove people mad. (If you want to explore in more detail Lehrer’s findings, listen to this radiolab interview Sound As Touch.) By contrast, harmonious music, 19th century scientists believed, brought people together, enhanced the chances for the sharing of knowledge, and elevated discourse.

Yesterday, I happened to hear this NPR report about an elementary school principal keeping alive the tragedy of 9/11 in children’s memories who were not even born when it happened. In this story, the call and response was discordant. “We were attacked,” the teacher says to her class. “We were attacked,” the children repeat in unison. Hearing this segment, I remembered a passage near the end of Erdrich’s book, when Fidelis makes a trip to post-WWII Germany to sing with his old butcher friends. “Time was an army marching like the butchers onto the stage. Time was a singing club whose music was smoke and ash.”

On its tenth anniversary, the tragedy of 9/11 seems to be rising away from public awareness like smoke and ash. The dissonance of 9/11 was an explosive bar in the music of modern history. There are many such dissonant strains, occurring all over the world, in senseless acts of violence. Only now have scientists learned how to play the music of the spheres: Sounds of stars fall in a Bavarian forest. May we all learn from its harmony.

A milestone

For the past three years, I’ve been studying for an MFA with the Northwest Institute for Literary Arts. An important component of this low-residency program is the “profession of writing.” Students gather for ten days two times a year, for classes and readings, especially for an extended series of workshops taught by published authors, agents, editors, publishers, publicists, etc. It’s how we’ve learned the complex facets of the writing biz, which even in the past three years has toppled on its ear. (When I started the program in 2008, self-publishing was considered suspect. Now, the term is “indie publishing,” and even big name writers are taking it seriously.) The culmination of the program is writing a 60,000+ word manuscript, which has been read and approved by published authors.

Milestone: Last Saturday, I graduated with an MFA in Creative Writing! A shout out to the published authors who vetted my manuscript: Kathleen Alcalá, Wayne Ude and William Dietrich. William Dietrich attended residency as one of our guest presenters this year. What a great writer, and what a great guy. I just finished reading his most recent novel, Blood of the Reich, a historical thriller with a modern-day twist, “inspired by a 1938 Nazi expedition to Tibet.” It’s a fun and inventive read that takes place over spectacular terrain, is packed with information, and features atom-splitters, Lugers, and Gandalf-style weaponry. Very cool.

So I’ve graduated, and people are asking me: What now? Are you taking a break? Is it time to rest on your laurels? Ever the language geek, I went and looked up “rest on one’s laurels.” According to The Phrase Finder, the phrase did not originally imply idling away one’s success. Sure, this past week I might have taken a brief rest-and-recupe nap on aromatically-scented laurel leaves. But the alarm clock has rung. I love this quote in The Phrase Finder’s write-up: “For Miss Edgeworth there must be no rest on this side the grave.” (1825) Like Miss Edgeworth, it’s time for Ms. Gebben to get off her laurel-leaf duff and hike the next mile.

Phaeton — a gentleman’s buggy, and ancient myth

Here is a photo of my great-great-grandfather’s Harm & Schuster Carriage Works on Champlain St. in Cleveland, Ohio. (Champlain Street was located downtown where the Terminal Tower now stands.) Lined up in front of the shop are signature carriages of the day, of the Phaeton class. Phaetons came in a variety of sizes and suspension systems, designed for pleasure riding and competitive racing. Had you lived in Cleveland in the 1870’s, you might have seen gentlemen the likes of John D. Rockefeller Sr. (of Standard Oil) or Jeptha Wade (of Western Union Telegraph) riding down Euclid Avenue in one of these contraptions.

Here is a fashion plate of the Diamond Phaeton, found in the Coach-Makers’ International Journal (circa 1867), courtesy of the Archives/Library of the Ohio Historical Society in Columbus.

Below is an interpretive sign photographed at the Northwest Carriage Museum in Raymond, Washington, where there is a Spider Phaeton on display.

What’s in a name?

I attended a seminar with historical fiction author C. C. Humphreys this past week, a talk on words. Humphreys noted the passage in Genesis 2:19, where God gave Adam the power to name things — animals, birds, cattle — because God thought man should not be alone. It made me think of the power of names, and how carefully my husband and I chose the names of our children. We even obsessed over the initials, to be sure not to screw that up. (If we named a baby girl Hilary Ann, for example, her initials would be HAG.)

Just today, I came across the following passage in my German Wie Geht’s? text book:

“In Germany, parents must get local government approval for the name they choose for their child. The reason for this is to prevent children from having names that might cause them embarrassment or cause others confusion. The name chosen must be perceived as a ‘real’ name and the gender must be recognizable.”

Hmm. I wonder how long this has been the case. At first glance, the practice seems invasive of one’s privacy. On the other hand, there are some admittedly screwball names in the States (I’m not kidding — check out this Name Nerds! site if you don’t believe me.) My father was especially concerned about given names, determined to choose for his children names that could not be turned into a nickname, let alone something demeaning. He named me Claire Anne thinking he’d found something safe. However, my friend Robin could not pronounce Claire Anne, so she called me Cran Cran, a name which everyone used throughout my elementary days. It was no small effort, retraining everyone when I got old enough to care. Ah, as Burns said:
      The best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men,
          Gang aft agley
which my mother simplified and quoted often:
      The best laid plans often go awry.

German immigrants to Cleveland 1861 +

Here is the final chunk from the “List of Honor” of “pioneer” German immigrants to Cleveland in The Jubilee Edition of the Cleveland Wächter und Anzeiger 1902. According to the book, the immigrants named below arrived in 1861 “and the start of the 1860s”. This list gives the name, year of birth, place of birth, and occupation.
1861: Armbruster, Jacob, born 1843 in Röthenbach, Württemberg, bookbinder.
    Beutel, C. F., born in Plochingen, Württemberg, smith.
    Buchmann, Mathias, born 1825 in Adelsdorf, Bavaria, insurance agent.
    Büchler, John, born 1841 in Habitzheim, Hessia-Darmstadt, private person.
    Darmstadter, Mrs. Gabriel, born 1823 in Peddersheim, Rhenish Hessia, private person.
    Döhn, Herm. Ludw. F. W., born 1842 in Stavenhagen, Mecklenburg, carpet weaver.
    Frey, Josef, born 1840 in Darmstadt, Hessia-Darmstadt, shoemaker.
    Gentz, Heinrich, born 1826 in Strassburg, Prussia, printer.
    Gerstenschläger, P., born in 1835 in Darmstadt, Hessia-Darmstadt, product business.
    Goldbach, John, born 1842 in Dammwiesen, Bavaria, butcher.
    Gröschel, Peter, born 1829 in Kreppling, Württemberg, private person.
    Hessenmüller, Otto, born in Harburg, Hanover, merchant.
    Hoffmann, Christ., born 1842 in Obersülzen, Rhenish Palatinate, wagon maker.
    Höner, August, born 1837 in Lemgo, Lippe-Detmold, private person.
    Hunger, C. F., born 1847 in Ostsilwer, Westphalia, photographer.
    Kees, Wm. H., born 1842 in Trippstadt, Rhenish Palatinate, insurance business.
    Klein, Ernst.
    Knauss, Andreas, born 1831 in Düdesheim, Hessia-Darmstadt, cabinetmaker.
    Koch, John, born 1835 in Osthofen, Rhenish Hessia, streetcar agent.
    Köhn, Jacob, born 1848 in Gundersheim, Hessia-Darmstadt, cabinetmaker.
    Märkle, Joh. Fried., born 1832 in Lustnau, Württemberg, butcher.
    Melter, Ludwig, born 1842 in Liedolsheim, Baden, cooper.
    Oswald, Daniel, born 1841 iun Heppenheim, Hessia-Darmstadt, cabinetmaker.
    Plotz, Wilhelm, born 1847 in Wildburg, Prussia, smith.
    Regenauer, Josef, born 1844 in Otterstadt, Rhenish Palatinate, wagon inspector.
    Sarstedt, Bernhard, born in Emmerle, Hanover, cooper.
    Schade, A. C., born 1845 in Bernburg, Anhalt, porcelain business.
    Schade, Henriette, born 1819 in Bernburg, Anhalt, private person.
    Schmidt, Carl, born 1843 in Subsin, Mecklenburg, wine and liquor business.
    Schott, Emil, born 1837 in Esslingen, Württemberg, ironwares dealer.
    Schultz, Fred, born in Mecklenburg, smith.
    Schworm, George, born 1845 in Alsenz, Rhenish Palatinate, mason.
    Siegel, Albert, born 1847 in Markrönigen, Württemberg, tavern keeper.
    Spring, Fried., born 1835 in Dirkirchen, Rhenish Palatinate, tailor.
    Stiebeling, John, born 1838 in Rabelshausen, Electoral Hessia, railway official.
    Striebel, Chas., born 1839 in Sasbach, Baden, wagon manufacturer.
    Trebing, Henry M., born 1841 in Volkmarsen, Hesse-Nassau, wood turning.
    Vogler, John, born 1845 in Wickersheim, Alsace, tailor.
    Ziebert, Jacob J., born 1841 in Frankenthal, Rhenish Palatinate, tavern keeper.
    Zimmer, Ernst, born 1839 in Espa, hessia-Nassau, newspaper carrier.

Old-time drinking and thinking

I am descended of “keepers,” people who held on to belongings long beyond their usefulness. Or so I used to think.

As I’ve spent the last couple of years researching my great-great grandfather, I’ve made discoveries of some of his belongings. In fact, these days I possess a small “Michael Harm museum”: mid-nineteenth letters and photographs, a gold heart necklace he purchased for my grandmother, and this beer stein, which I recently picked up from my brother’s house. (Thanks, Craig.) How do I know the latter once belonged to Michael Harm? Because of this bit of paper tucked inside.

For my German side of the family, Michael Harm was our “point of entry” to America. Perhaps this is why there appears to have been a cult of reverence around the man. When I was child, my grandmother and my father were still telling stories about Michael Harm’s Atlantic voyage and Cleveland carriageworks, more than one hundred years after he made the journey, and sixty years after the Harm & Schuster Wagons and Carriages had closed its doors for good. His daughter Lucy drew this painstakingly detailed portrait of him (left), poster-sized and framed, based on this photograph, an honor not bestowed on any other member of the family.

Michael Harm may have been attached to his beer stein, but he hailed from the Palatinate, the southern Rhineland region. Wine country, that is. When my relatives visited from that region of Germany last spring, they brought me this gift, a replica of an old “Freinsheimer Krug,” or wine-drinking jug.

An old object for the shelf, no longer of use? Think again. Before disposable plates and cups, how did we manage? Apparently, people used to carry around their own crockery. Some cultures still do this today. In the 1990s, I had the privilege of being a guest at a Makah Native American Potlatch at Neah Bay. In addition to the generous custom of gift-giving, the respect for tribal elders, and the moving dances and songs, what struck me about the gathering was how all the Makah families brought baskets containing their own tableware–plates, cups, silverware. When the potlatch was over, they packed up their dishes to bring home and wash. It seemed a laudable, sustainable way of living, a way to keep trashbarrels (and landfills) from brimming over with paper plates and cups and plastic eating utensils.

At the time, I wondered why my own culture did not do this. Now I realize, in the not-so-distant past, it was how things were done. It may be an old-time way of thinking but it’s good enough for me.

I don’t believe it

“While I’m in Cleveland, I want to drive up Woodland Avenue to see if the Harm & Schuster Carriageworks is still there,” I said to my brother last week on a visit to our hometown.

“No way,” Craig said. “I don’t believe it. It can’t still be there.”

But you never can tell about Cleveland. All those battered, coal-smoked buildings, overlooked by modern-day standards, trace back to a vibrant era of history. When my great-great-grandfather’s carriageworks moved from Champlain Street around 1880, Harm & Schuster was relocated to 811 & 813 Woodland Avenue. The address today would be 50th & Woodland. Since the street names have long since been converted to numbers, I used an 1887 Sanborn Fire Insurance map to determine that 50th was once Beech Street. In addition, I compared satellite images to the Sanborn maps.

And so, hoping against hope, I dragged my family to where I believe Harm & Schuster Carriages and Wagon Manufacturers once stood, and lookee here. Designed by Theo. Rosenberg, architect, historic records indicate the manufactory was one of the most fire-safe buildings of its time. This furniture store stands at the exact same location, and, quite possibly, is the exact same building.

Look in your attic

Seriously. If you’re doing genealogy, look in your attic. Or in those boxes in storage. Better yet, call up your siblings and ask them to look in their attics. That’s how I found another cache of letters and photos. Just recently, my brother dug around and turned up a fresh packet of 19th century letters written from Cleveland and Germany in Sütterlin German.

I’ve only managed to scan a couple so far. This letterhead is found on one dated 1864, written from Bremen. An interesting perspective for the time, an “aerial view.” How the …? Was the artist in a hot air balloon? A cathedral spire?

Here is a “bird’s eye” view of Cleveland from 1877, also quite detailed. (A high resolution version can be obtained from Historic Mapworks.)

Paved over pasts

“Are you looking at Cleveland with different eyes?” asked Michele via email. “Are you seeing the history hiding behind the modern?”

My writing friend has hit on the refrain of the writer of historical fiction. We can go looking for the past, but it might just be paved over.

Around 1844, Johann Rapparlie founded Rapparlie Smith and Wagons in downtown Cleveland, Ohio at the corner of Michigan and Seneca Streets. He situated his business just a block away from an elbow of the crooked Cuyahoga River and the mouth of the Ohio Canal. Today, the Canal is long since filled in, and the area consists of parking lots for Tower City. I took this photo this morning from the end of W. 3rd Street in downtown Cleveland. (In 1900, the Cleveland maps were changed from the street names to road numbers. Hence, Seneca St. is now W. 3rd.)

My great-great-grandfather Michael Harm apprenticed as a blacksmith in Rapparlie Smith and Wagons. In 1865 he founded a carriageworks of his own on Champlain Street. It took me a while to find where it used to be, since Champlain Street no longer exists. In studying old maps of Cleveland at the Public Library, I found it was where the Terminal Tower now stands. As I roamed the streets of Cleveland this morning, I felt that much prouder of my thesis, as if I’ve performed a resurrection of a long-buried past.

I was pleased to see an effort is underway to preserve an 1850s relic. This building, near the Terminal Tower, was apparently around when Michael Harm first came to Cleveland, and is in the process of being renovated. Hurray!